Version vom 10:37, 23. Okt. 2014

HAM PKI: Igniting Amateur Radio over Internet Applications

This is work-in-progress. Join our discussion on #ham-pki on the IRCnet.

ChaosWelle Amateur Radio Certificate Authority

Problem: Authenticating Radio Amateurs Online

Access to some systems or services (for example APRS or the hamnet) over the Internet should only be provided to authorized and licensed amateur radio operators.

APRS currently uses a passcode, which is just some kind of checksum of the callsign. There are many freely available tools, which you can use to generate your own APRS passcode for every string you can imagine. Based on that information an APRS passcode is not a secure way of authenticating an amateur radio operator.

Solution: Certificate PKI

Some services (LotW, a pair of APRS-IS implementations) started to use certificates to identify amateur radio operators. These certificates are issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) which will check the operator's identity and callsign before issuing the certificate. Faking such a certificate is cryptographically impossible.

Currently there is only one CA, used by the ARRL to issue Logbook-of-the-World certificates. In addition to the fact that this is a single point of failure, many hams may have problems with sending personal documents around the globe. This lead to the idea, that another CA could be created and that the formal rules for this CA need to be defined and documented. This would make the whole process of issuing and revoking certificates transparent to the amateur who is requesting a certificate, and to server operators who need to decide which CAs they want to trust.

Our Goal: Creation of a "Chaoswelle" Root CA

One of the first ideas was to put this CA service into the local amateur radio operators group (for example ARRL in the US, DARC in Germany) but not every amateur radio operator is a member of such a group. Also, integrating such a service in a local group has to tackle many political and bureaucratic hurdles, making it impossible in the short term.

Our goal is therefore to build a volunteer-driven CA within the CCC, an organization which is known for its privacy and IT knowledge. With this CA, any radio amateur can request certificates free of charge, and the documentation and implementation of this CA will be usable as a blue-print for other groups (local clubs, government agencies for amateur radio) to follow.

Requirements

• Operator Idenfitication Process
  • Match "real identity" (person's name) with "amateur identity" (callsign) and "online identity" (email address / browser / app / certificate request)
  • Automation as far as possible
• Certificate Issuing Process
• Revocation Process
  • Create Revocation Policy
  • Provide Public Audit Log of revocations
  • Revocation by CA
  • Revocation by Callsign Owner
  • Revocation by Service Provider due to abuse

TODO

• solid certification policy
• solid revocation policy
• CA implementation
• validation volunteers

Certification Process

Possible automatic process:

1. User fills in callsign + certificate request
2. Automatic system sends registration-code postcard to address registered in country's official database
3. User enters registration-code, can download certificate

Problem: somebody needs to pay for postage & logistics.

Possible manual process:

1. User fills in a form with:

• • Full Name (required)
  • Callsign (required)
  • E-Mail address (to send back the certificate)
  • Scan/Photo of Callsign assigment (to verify that name and callsign belong to the requester)
  • Certificate Request file

1. Admin performs tedious manual check of callsign document, approves or demands more documents
2. Certificate/notification is sent to user via email

Problem: manual labor is manual.

Possible automation: make smartphone app/app plugin that:

1. Lets user enter his personal data
2. Makes a photo of required documents
3. Creates a key pair and CSR
4. Uploads to CA
5. Downloads and integrates certificate once issued

Applications of Certificate Login

• APRS-IS login (implemented, working)
• HAMNET user and VPN login (VPN implemented, radio user login TODO)
• aprs.fi interactive services (TODO)
• any online service for radio amateurs
  • possibly oauth server to reduce the hurdles for 3rd party services

Long Term Tasks

Self-Obsolescence

Bring forward Root CA implementations in radio clubs, regulatory offices etc, so that every amateur is equipped with a certificate as soon as she gets her callsign.

Root CA Bundle

Management of a list of Root CAs is non trivial, as can be seen from the different browser developers, OS vendors etc, especially in the context of the CACert inclusion.

To make life for service administrators easier, we should maintain and provide a Root CA bundle" - a package containing a set of Root CAs that we deem as trusted, according to a documented set of rules.

Alternatively, this could be achieved by creating Sub-CA certificates for the existing ham radio CAs, making one effective Root CA that only delegates signing of individual amateurs.

EchoLink

EchoLink is using a manual verification process of users prior to allowing them on the EchoLink Internet backbone. We need to get in touch with the responsible people at EchoLink, so we can achieve two synergy effects:

• Implement Certificate-based authentication on the EchoLink backbone
• Provide the EchoLink verification team with a CA so they can issue certificates for other applications as well

More Online Services

Contact the designers/operators of the following services to integrate certificate auth:

• D-Star
• Packet Radio
• net44
• Allstarlink
• DX-Clusters
• Add further amateur radio online services